PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Overview of Translation
A.
Translation is the process by which a polypeptide chain is synthesized by
ribosomes using the sequence of codons in an mRNA to direct the sequence of
amino acids.
B.
Translation is the ultimate step in gene expression.
C.
The energy cost for protein synthesis is very high
.
1.
Only a small fraction of the energy input of translation is needed to form the
peptide bond.
2.
The majority of energy is invested to assure that the sequence of the
polypeptide is correct.
3.
If incorrect polypeptides (e.g. enzymes) are made by the cell, it could have
devastating effects on cell function.
D.
The mRNA is always read from 5' to 3'.
E.
The polypeptide is always synthesized in the direction of amino-terminus carboxyl
terminus.
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